It is basically an idea in psychology field proposed by an American psychologist Abraham Harold Maslow.
This was proposed by maslow in his 1943 paper "A theory of motivation" in the journal named physical review .Actually this is a theory of psychological health on fulfilling human needs and priority.
You can simply call them basic requirements for humans.For example Clothes,Food,Water,Sleep,Air etc. Actually it is the foundation for motivation. Humans are forced to fulfill these needs first. Failing in fulfilling such needs leads to displeasure in person,when individual finds increment in such displeasure the motivation to decrease these displeasure increases.
2.Safety needs
Once the person's physiological needs are relatively satisfied now it's time to turn to safety and security. It includes shelter, job security,medical insurance,social stability, proper money, health and wellbeing etc.
It is a five-tier model of human needs arranged in a certain hierarchy level.
Maslow urged people to know their most basic needs before reaching higher needs.
Means,Needs placed lower in hierarchy must be satisfied before the needs placed at a higher level in hierarchy.
Starting with the bottom of hierarchy needs are Physiological needs,Safety needs,Social needs,Esteem needs and Self actualization. First four needs are collectively called deficit needs while the remaining one comes in growth needs.
Deficit needs are basic requirements of physical and emotional well-being and motivate people when they are unmet.Such needs become stronger the longer the time they are denied. For example longer the distance you cover without food the more hungry you become.
On the other hand, Growth needs are not born from lack of deprivation of something but rather from a desire to grow as a person.
Let's discuss components of this theory one by one
1.Physiological needs
2.Safety needs
3.Social needs
In this category of needs friendship,intimacy, trust, affection, love, being part of any group maybe of family friends work etc. Fall.
4.Esteem needs
As we know, Esteem is a synonym of Veneration, Admiration,Honour etc. These are based on one's achievements. Maslow defined two versions of Esteem needs in his theory Lower version and Higher version.
●Lower version of Esteem need- Respect from others,Recognition,Attention,Prestige and status etc.
●Higher version of Esteem need- Self respect, need for strength,Competence,Mastery,Self confidence,Freedom etc.
5.Self actualization
The top most level in Maslow's hierarchy. It is the stage in which you know everything about yourself say,Like Dislike,Interest,Capability Inability criterias etc. Self actualization hinders the person from going beyond the limits of the above discussed qualities.In very simple words these are the needs to utilise one's Talents,Abilities, Experiences and Potential etc. to the their most possible extent.
At this level the person has not any kind of pressure in life and have enough Experiences, Abilities,Talents etc. This is separately placed in growth needs because at this level person is capable and realized his potential.Self actualization includes parenting, sharpening skills, utilising and developing your talents,etc.
Applications of Maslow's hierarchy of needs in an organisation
◆Physiological needs-
Lunch breaks,rest breaks and Sufficient salary/wages etc.
◆Safety needs-
Safe working environment, freedom from threats etc.
◆Social needs-
Feeling of acceptance ,belonging,community and group dynamics etc.
◆Esteem needs-
Recognise achievements,assign important projects provides status to make employees feel appreciated and valued.
◆Self actualization-
Innovation,creativity, progress according to long term goals.
Criticism of theory
1.In real sense,it contradicts order of needs it is seen that social needs appear before any other need.
2.Definition of self actualization is difficult to test scientifically.
3.Lack of direct cause and effect relationship between needs and behaviour of individual.
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